Oracle 11g数据库管理 (全英文)
Mastering Oracle Database 11g Administration
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Oracle 11g调优是数据库管理员和性能工程师在管理高性能、高可用性的数据库系统时的重要技能。Oracle Database 11g提供了丰富的功能和工具,用于优化查询性能、内存管理和资源分配,确保数据库高效运行。以下是一些核心的Oracle 11g性能调优知识点:
1. SQL调优SQL查询是数据库性能的关键因素。通过分析慢查询日志,使用Explain Plan分析执行计划,以及SQL Trace和TKPROF工具,可以找出性能瓶颈并优化SQL语句。
2. 数据库架构优化正确的表分区、索引设计和物化视图可以显著提高数据访问速度。选择合适的存储参数,如块大小、行链接(ROWLINK)和压缩选项,有助于性能提升。
3. 内存管理理解SGA(System Global Area)和PGA(Program Global Area)的工作原理至关重要。正确设置SGA的组件(如数据缓冲区高速缓存、重做日志缓冲区和共享池)可以提高数据缓存效率。PGA则管理每个用户进程的内存,包括排序区和游标。
4. 并行查询Oracle 11g支持并行查询,将大型操作分割成多个并行任务来提高处理速度。调整并行度和资源分配,可以平衡系统负载和查询性能。
5. 调度与资源管理通过DBMS_Scheduler管理后台作业,确保关键任务在合适的时间执行。使用ResourceManager进行资源划分,为不同用户和应用分配数据库资源。
6. 数据库统计信息保持统计信息的准确性和时效性对优化执行计划至关重要。自动统计信息收集和手工统计更新是监控和维护的关键。
7. 数据库监控与诊断利用AWR(Automatic Workload Repository)和ASH(Active Session History)报告分析性能问题。这些工具提供关于数据库性能的深入见解,帮助识别等待事件和性能热点。
8. 初始化参数调整初始化参数设置直接影响数据库性能。理解每个参数的作用,并根据系统需求进行调整,是优化的关键。
9. 回滚段和事务管理合理设置回滚段大小和事务管理策略可以减少死锁并提高并发性能。
10. 数据库架构调整考虑使用Real Application Clusters (RAC)实现高可用性。
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